All Implemented Interfaces:

java.io.Closeable , java.lang.AutoCloseable
```
public interface WebDriver
 implements Closeable
                    
```
WebDriver defines a concise interface to visit and manipulate webpages. @mcp
The webpage is rendered to a Document Object Model (DOM) in a real browser, and the interface provides methods to control the browser, select textContent and attributes of Elements, and interact with the webpage.
All actions and behaviors are optimized to mimic real people as closely as possible, such as scrolling, clicking, typing text, dragging and dropping, etc.
The term document here refers to a Document Object Model (DOM) within a browser.
The methods in this interface fall into three categories:
- Control of the browser itself
- Selection of textContent and attributes of Elements
- Interact with the webpage
Key methods:
- navigate: navigate to a URL.
- currentUrl: get the current URL displayed in the address bar.
- scrollDown: scroll down on a webpage to fully load the page. Most modern webpages support lazy loading using ajax tech, where the page content only starts to load when it is scrolled into view.
- pageSource: retrieve the source code of the webpage.
For each document, there are several properties that represent the URL of the document:
- driver.currentUrl(): Returns the URL displayed in the address bar, it can be either navigated or not.
- driver.url(), document.URL: Returns the URL of the document.
- driver.documentURI(), document.documentURI: Returns the URI of the document.
- driver.baseURI(), document.baseURI: Returns the base URI of the document.
- document.location: Represents the location (URL) of the current page and allows you to manipulate the URL.
In the Document Object Model (DOM), the relationship between document.URL, document.documentURI, document.location, and the URL displayed in the browser's address bar is as follows:
- driver.currentUrl():
- driver.url(), document.URL:
- driver.documentURI(), document.documentURI:
- driver.baseURI(), document.baseURI:
- document.location:
In summary, document.URL and document.documentURI are read-only properties that reflect the current URL of the document, while document.location is a read-write property that not only reflects the current URL but also allows you to navigate to a new one. The URL displayed in the address bar is a user-facing representation of the current document's URL, which is usually in sync with document.location.
In addition to the above properties, The method driver.referrer() returns the document's referrer. The document.referrer property returns the URI of the page that linked to the current page. If the user navigated directly to the page (e.g., via a bookmark), the value is an empty string. Inside an <iframe>, the referrer is initially set to the same value as the href of the parent window's Window.location.
The following example demonstrates how to use the WebDriver interface to visit a webpage and interact with it:
```
fun visit() {
    val url = "https://twitter.com/home"
    val args = "-refresh"
    val options = session.options(args)

    options.eventHandlers.browseEventHandlers.onDocumentSteady.addLast { page, driver ->
        interact(page, driver)
    }

    session.load(url, options)
}

// interact with the page
private suspend fun interact(driver: WebDriver) {
    val selector = "input[placeholder*=搜索], input[placeholder*=Search]"
    driver.waitForSelector(selector)
    driver.fill(selector, "Facebook")
    driver.press("Space", selector)
    "Email".forEach { driver.press("$it", selector) }
    driver.press("Enter", selector)
}
```

Nested Class Summary

Nested Classes
Modifier and Type	Class	Description

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field	Description

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor	Description

Enum Constant Summary

Enum Constants
Enum Constant	Description

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`abstract Unit`	`addInitScript(String script)`	Adds a script which would be evaluated whenever the page is navigated.
`abstract Unit`	`addBlockedURLs(List<String> urlPatterns)`	Blocks resource URLs from loading.
`Unit`	`open(String url)`	Opens the specified URL in the web driver.
`abstract Unit`	`navigate(String url)`	Navigates current page to the given URL.
`abstract Unit`	`navigate(NavigateEntry entry)`	Navigates current page to the given URL.
`Unit`	`navigateTo(String url)`
`abstract Unit`	`reload()`	Reloads the current page.
`abstract Unit`	`goBack()`	Navigates the browser to the previous page in the navigation history.
`abstract Unit`	`goForward()`	Navigates the browser to the next page in the navigation history.
`abstract String`	`currentUrl()`	Returns a string representing the current URL that the browser is looking at.
`abstract String`	`url()`	The URL read-only property of the Document interface returns the document location as a string.
`abstract String`	`documentURI()`	Returns the document location as a string.
`abstract String`	`baseURI()`	Returns the document's baseURI.
`abstract String`	`referrer()`	The referrer property returns the URI of the page that linked to this page.
`abstract String`	`pageSource()`	Returns the source of the last loaded page.
`abstract String`	`title()`	Returns the title of the current page.
`abstract <Error class: unknown class>`	`nanoDOMTree()`	Retrieves a lightweight version of the DOM tree (NanoDOMTree).
`abstract ModelResponse`	`chat(String prompt, String selector)`	Interact with an AI model using the context of the element selected by selector.
`abstract List<Map<String, String>>`	`getCookies()`	Returns the cookies of the current page.
`abstract Unit`	`deleteCookies(String name, String url, String domain, String path)`	Deletes browser cookies with matching name and url or domain/path pair.
`abstract Unit`	`clearBrowserCookies()`	Clears browser cookies.
`Duration`	`waitForSelector(String selector)`	Wait until the element identified by the selector becomes present in the DOM or timeout.
`Long`	`waitForSelector(String selector, Long timeoutMillis)`	Wait until the element identified by the selector becomes present in the DOM or timeout.
`Duration`	`waitForSelector(String selector, Duration timeout)`	Wait for the element identified by the selector to become present in the DOM, or until timeout.
`abstract Duration`	`waitForSelector(String selector, SuspendFunction0<Unit> action)`	Wait for the element identified by the selector to become present in the DOM, or until timeout.
`Long`	`waitForSelector(String selector, Long timeoutMillis, SuspendFunction0<Unit> action)`	Wait for the element identified by the selector to become present in the DOM, or until timeout.
`abstract Duration`	`waitForSelector(String selector, Duration timeout, SuspendFunction0<Unit> action)`	Wait for the element identified by the selector to become present in the DOM, or until timeout.
`abstract Duration`	`waitForNavigation(String oldUrl)`	Wait until the current url changes or timeout.
`Long`	`waitForNavigation(String oldUrl, Long timeoutMillis)`	Wait until the current url changes or timeout.
`abstract Duration`	`waitForNavigation(String oldUrl, Duration timeout)`	Wait until the current url changes or timeout.
`abstract WebDriver`	`waitForPage(String url, Duration timeout)`	Await navigation to the specified URL page or timeout if necessary.
`abstract WebDriver`	`waitForFunction(String pageFunction, Duration timeout)`	Returns when the pageFunction returns a truthy value.
`abstract Duration`	`waitUntil(SuspendFunction0<Boolean> predicate)`	Wait until the predicate returns true.
`Long`	`waitUntil(Long timeoutMillis, SuspendFunction0<Boolean> predicate)`	Wait until the predicate returns true.
`abstract Duration`	`waitUntil(Duration timeout, SuspendFunction0<Boolean> predicate)`	Wait until the predicate returns true.
`abstract Boolean`	`exists(String selector)`	Returns whether the element exists.
`Boolean`	`isHidden(String selector)`	Returns whether the element is hidden.
`abstract Boolean`	`isVisible(String selector)`	Returns whether the element is visible.
`abstract Boolean`	`isChecked(String selector)`	Returns whether the element is checked.
`abstract Unit`	`bringToFront()`	Brings the browser window to the front.
`abstract Unit`	`hover(String selector)`	This method hovers over the element.
`abstract Unit`	`focus(String selector)`	This method fetches an element with `selector` and focuses it.
`abstract Unit`	`type(String text, String selector)`	This method emulates inserting text that doesn't come from a key press.
`abstract Unit`	`press(String key, String selector)`	Shortcut for keyboard down and keyboard up.
`abstract Unit`	`fill(String selector, String text)`	This method emulates inserting text that doesn't come from a key press.
`abstract Unit`	`keyDown(String key)`	Presses and holds a keyboard key on the currently focused element.
`abstract Unit`	`keyUp(String key)`	Releases a previously pressed keyboard key on the currently focused element.
`abstract Unit`	`click(String selector, Integer count)`	Focus on an element with selector and click it.
`abstract Unit`	`click(String selector, String modifier)`	Focus on an element with selector and click it with modifier pressed.
`abstract Unit`	`dblclick(String selector)`	Focus on an element with selector and double-click it.
`abstract Unit`	`dblclick(String selector, String modifier)`	Focus on an element with selector and double-click it with modifier pressed.
`abstract Unit`	`resize(Integer width, Integer height)`	Resizes the viewport to the specified width and height.
`abstract Unit`	`dialogAccept(String promptText)`	Accepts the dialog.
`abstract Unit`	`dialogDismiss()`	Dismisses the dialog.
`abstract Unit`	`clickTextMatches(String selector, String pattern, Integer count)`	This method clicks an element with selector whose text content matches pattern, and then focuses it.
`abstract Unit`	`clickMatches(String selector, String attrName, String pattern, Integer count)`	This method clicks an element with selector whose attribute name is attrName and value matches pattern, and then focuses it.
`abstract List<String>`	`selectOption(String selector, List<String> values)`	Selects one or more options in a <select> element.
`String`	`selectOption(String selector, String value)`	Selects an option in a <select> element.
`abstract Unit`	`check(String selector)`	This method check an element with selector.
`abstract Unit`	`uncheck(String selector)`	This method uncheck an element with selector.
`abstract Double`	`scrollTo(String selector)`	This method fetches an element with selector, scrolls it into view if needed.
`abstract Double`	`scrollDown(Integer count)`	The current page frame scrolls down for count times.
`abstract Double`	`scrollUp(Integer count)`	The current page frame scrolls up for count times.
`abstract Double`	`scrollBy(Double pixels, Boolean smooth)`	Scrolls the current page frame vertically by the given number of pixels.
`abstract Double`	`scrollToTop()`	The current page frame scrolls to the top.
`abstract Double`	`scrollToBottom()`	The current page frame scrolls to the bottom.
`abstract Double`	`scrollToMiddle(Double ratio)`	The current page frame scrolls to the middle.
`abstract Double`	`scrollToViewport(Double n, Boolean smooth)`	Scroll to the 2.5th viewport position.
`abstract Unit`	`mouseWheel(Double deltaX, Double deltaY)`	Scrolls the mouse wheel by the provided deltas.
`abstract Unit`	`mouseMove(Double x, Double y)`	Moves the mouse to the position specified by x and y.
`abstract Unit`	`mouseDown(String button, Integer clickCount)`	Presses a mouse button at the current mouse position.
`abstract Unit`	`mouseUp(String button, Integer clickCount)`	Releases a mouse button at the current mouse position.
`abstract Unit`	`moveMouseTo(String selector, Integer deltaX, Integer deltaY)`	The mouse moves to the element with selector.
`abstract Unit`	`dragAndDrop(String selector, Integer deltaX, Integer deltaY)`	Performs a drag, dragenter, dragover, and drop in sequence.
`Unit`	`drag(String sourceSelector, String targetSelector)`	Drags the element identified by sourceSelector onto the element identified by targetSelector.
`abstract String`	`outerHTML()`	Returns the document's HTML markup.
`abstract String`	`outerHTML(String selector)`	Returns the node's HTML markup, the node is located by selector.
`abstract String`	`textContent(String selector)`	Returns the text content of the document or a specific element.
`abstract Map<String, String>`	`extract(Map<String, String> fields)`	Extracts multiple fields from the page using CSS selectors.
`abstract List<NodeRef>`	`querySelectorAll(String selector)`	Use querySelectorAll to get all elements matched by selector, and then return their NodeRefs.
`abstract String`	`selectFirstTextOrNull(String selector)`	Returns the node's text content, the node is located by selector.
`abstract List<String>`	`selectTextAll(String selector)`	Returns a list of text contents of all the elements matching the specified selector within the page.
`abstract String`	`selectFirstAttributeOrNull(String selector, String attrName)`	Returns the node's attribute value, the node is located by selector, the attribute is attrName.
`abstract Map<String, String>`	`selectAttributes(String selector)`	Returns the node's attribute values, the node is located by selector.
`abstract List<String>`	`selectAttributeAll(String selector, String attrName, Integer start, Integer limit)`	Returns the nodes' attribute values, the nodes are located by selector, the attribute is attrName.
`abstract Unit`	`setAttribute(String selector, String attrName, String attrValue)`	Set the attribute of an element located by selector.
`abstract Unit`	`setAttributeAll(String selector, String attrName, String attrValue)`	Set the attribute of all elements matching selector.
`abstract String`	`selectFirstPropertyValueOrNull(String selector, String propName)`	Returns the node's property value, the node is located by selector, the property is propName.
`abstract List<String>`	`selectPropertyValueAll(String selector, String propName, Integer start, Integer limit)`	Returns the nodes' property values, the nodes are located by selector, the property is propName.
`abstract Unit`	`setProperty(String selector, String propName, String propValue)`	Set the property of an element located by selector.
`abstract Unit`	`setPropertyAll(String selector, String propName, String propValue)`	Set the property of all elements matching selector.
`abstract List<Hyperlink>`	`selectHyperlinks(String selector, Integer offset, Integer limit)`	Find hyperlinks in elements matching selector.
`abstract List<GeoAnchor>`	`selectAnchors(String selector, Integer offset, Integer limit)`	Find anchor elements matching selector.
`abstract List<String>`	`selectImages(String selector, Integer offset, Integer limit)`	Find image elements matching selector.
`abstract Object`	`evaluate(String expression)`	Executes JavaScript in the context of the currently selected frame or window.
`abstract <T extends Any> T`	`evaluate(String expression, T defaultValue)`	Executes JavaScript and returns the result, or defaultValue if the result is null or incompatible.
`abstract JsEvaluation`	`evaluateDetail(String expression)`	returns detailed evaluation metadata (beta).
`abstract Object`	`evaluateValue(String expression)`	Executes JavaScript and returns the result as a JSON-serializable value.
`abstract <T extends Any> T`	`evaluateValue(String expression, T defaultValue)`	Executes JavaScript and returns the result as a JSON-serializable value, or defaultValue if null/incompatible.
`abstract Object`	`evaluateValue(String selector, String functionDeclaration)`	Executes JavaScript for the element located by selector and returns the result as a JSON-serializable value.
`abstract JsEvaluation`	`evaluateValueDetail(String expression)`	Returns detailed value evaluation metadata (beta).
`abstract JsEvaluation`	`evaluateValueDetail(String selector, String functionDeclaration)`	Returns detailed value evaluation metadata for the element located by selector.
`abstract String`	`screenshot(Boolean fullPage)`	Capture a screenshot of the current viewport (or primary browsing context) after ensuring any pending layout.
`abstract String`	`screenshot(String selector)`	Scroll the element matched by selector into view (if needed) then take a screenshot of that element's bounding box.
`abstract String`	`screenshot(RectD rect)`	Take a screenshot of the rectangle specified by rect in the current page coordinate space.
`String`	`captureScreenshot(Boolean fullPage)`
`String`	`captureScreenshot(String selector)`
`String`	`captureScreenshot(RectD rect)`
`abstract String`	`ariaSnapshot()`
`String`	`ariaSnapshot(String viewports)`	Return the ARIA snapshot (accessibility tree in YAML format) for the specified viewports.
`abstract PointD`	`clickablePoint(String selector)`	Calculate the clickable point of an element located by selector.
`abstract RectD`	`boundingBox(String selector)`	Return the bounding box of an element located by selector.
`abstract Connection`	`newJsoupSession()`	Create a new Jsoup session with the last page's context, which means, the same headers and cookies.
`abstract Connection.Response`	`loadJsoupResource(String url)`	Load the url as a resource with Jsoup rather than browser rendering, with the last page's context.
`abstract NetworkResourceResponse`	`loadResource(String url)`	Load the url as a resource without browser rendering, with the last page's context.
`<Error class: unknown class>`	`delay(Long millis)`	Delay for a given amount of time.
`<Error class: unknown class>`	`delay(Duration duration)`	Delay for a given amount of time.
`<Error class: unknown class>`	`delay(Duration duration)`	Delay for a given amount of time.
`abstract Unit`	`upload(String selector, List<String> paths)`	Upload files to the element located by selector.
`abstract Unit`	`pause()`	Force the page pauses all navigations and PENDING resource fetches.
`abstract Unit`	`stop()`	Force the page stop all navigations and RELEASES all resources.
`abstract Integer`	`getId()`	The driver id, starts with 1.
`abstract Integer`	`getParentSid()`	The parent driver id.
`abstract String`	`getGuid()`	The guid of the driver.
`abstract AbstractBrowser`	`getBrowser()`	The browser of the driver.
`abstract List<WebDriver>`	`getFrames()`	Web pages for the page open from the current page, via window.open(), link click, form submission, etc.
`abstract WebDriver`	`getOpener()`	The driver from whom opens the current page.
`abstract Set<WebDriver>`	`getOutgoingPages()`	Web pages for the page open from the current page, via window.open(), link click, form submission, etc.
`abstract BrowserType`	`getBrowserType()`	The browser type.
`abstract NavigateEntry`	`getNavigateEntry()`	The current navigation entry.
`abstract Unit`	`setNavigateEntry(NavigateEntry navigateEntry)`	The current navigation entry.
`abstract NavigateHistory`	`getNavigateHistory()`	The navigation history.
`abstract Map<String, Object>`	`getData()`	The associated data of the driver.
`abstract Map<String, IntRange>`	`getDelayPolicy()`	The delay policy of the driver.
`abstract Map<String, Duration>`	`getTimeoutPolicy()`	The timeout policy of the driver.

Methods inherited from class java.io.Closeable
close
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Constructor Detail
- Method Detail
  - addInitScript
```
 abstract Unit addInitScript(String script)
```
    Adds a script which would be evaluated whenever the page is navigated. @mcp
    The script is evaluated after the document was created but before any of its scripts were run. This is useful to amend the JavaScript environment, e.g. to seed Math.random.
    This function should be invoked before a navigation, usually in an onWillNavigate event handler.
    
    Parameters:
    
    script - JavaScript source code to add.
  - addBlockedURLs
```
 abstract Unit addBlockedURLs(List<String> urlPatterns)
```
    Blocks resource URLs from loading. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    urlPatterns - URL patterns to block.
  - open
```
 Unit open(String url)
```
    Opens the specified URL in the web driver. @mcp
    This function navigates the web driver to the provided URL and waits for the navigation to complete. It is a suspend function, meaning it can be used within coroutines for asynchronous execution.
    Example usage:
    driver.open("https://www.example.com")
    Parameters:
    
    url - The URL to which the web driver should navigate.
  - navigate
```
 abstract Unit navigate(String url)
```
    Navigates current page to the given URL. @mcp
    driver.navigate("https://www.example.com") driver.waitForNavigation()
    Parameters:
    
    url - URL to navigate page to.
  - navigate
```
 abstract Unit navigate(NavigateEntry entry)
```
    Navigates current page to the given URL. @mcp
    val entry = NavigateEntry("https://www.example.com?timestamp=11712067353", pageUrl = "https://www.example.com") driver.navigate(entry) driver.waitForNavigation()
    Parameters:
    
    entry - NavigateEntry to navigate page to.
  - navigateTo
```
@Deprecated(message = "Use navigate(url: String) instead", replaceWith = @ReplaceWith(imports = {}, expression = "navigate(url)")) Unit navigateTo(String url)
```
  - reload
```
 abstract Unit reload()
```
    Reloads the current page. @mcp
    This method should trigger a reload of the current page, similar to how a user would refresh the page in a browser.
  - goBack
```
 abstract Unit goBack()
```
    Navigates the browser to the previous page in the navigation history. @mcp
    This method is expected to use the browser's navigation history to move back to the previous page. It should handle any exceptions that may occur during the navigation process.
  - goForward
```
 abstract Unit goForward()
```
    Navigates the browser to the next page in the navigation history. @mcp
    This method is expected to use the browser's navigation history to move forward to the next page. It should handle any exceptions that may occur during the navigation process.
  - currentUrl
```
 abstract String currentUrl()
```
    Returns a string representing the current URL that the browser is looking at. @mcp
    The current url is always the main frame's document.documentURI if the browser succeed to return it, and is displayed in the browser's address bar.
    If the browser failed to return a proper url, returns the passed in url to navigate, just like a real user enter a url in the address bar but the browser failed to load the page.
    NOTE: the url can be non-standard, for example:
    about:blank chrome://newtab chrome://settings
    see ai.platon.cdt.kt.protocol.types.page.NavigationEntry.userTypedURL
    
    Returns:
    
    A string containing the URL of the document, or the passed in url to navigate.
  - url
```
 abstract String url()
```
    The URL read-only property of the Document interface returns the document location as a string. @mcp
    This property equals to javascript document.URL. The document.URL property returns the same value. The document.documentURI property can be used on any document types, while the document.URL property can only be used on HTML documents.
    
    Returns:
    
    A string containing the URL of the document
  - documentURI
```
 abstract String documentURI()
```
    Returns the document location as a string. @mcp
    This property equals to javascript document.documentURI.
    The document.URL property which returns the same value. The document.documentURI property can be used on any document types, while the document.URL property can only be used on HTML documents.
    
    Returns:
    
    The document's documentURI.
  - baseURI
```
 abstract String baseURI()
```
    Returns the document's baseURI. @mcp
    The baseURI is a property of Node, it's the absolute base URL of the document containing the node. A baseURI is used to resolve relative URLs.
    The base URL is determined as follows:
    By default, the base URL is the location of the document (as determined by window.location).
    If the document has an <base> element, its href attribute is used.
    Returns:
    
    The document's baseURI.
  - referrer
```
 abstract String referrer()
```
    The referrer property returns the URI of the page that linked to this page. @mcp
    The value is an empty string if the user navigated to the page directly (not through a link, but, for example, by using a bookmark).
    Inside an <iframe>, the referrer will initially be set to the same value as the href of the parent window's Window.location.
    
    Returns:
    
    The document's referrer.
  - pageSource
```
 abstract String pageSource()
```
    Returns the source of the last loaded page. @mcp
    If the page has been modified after loading (for example, by JavaScript) there is no guarantee that the returned text is that of the modified page.
    PageSource and outerHTML:
    pageSource: returns document HTML markup, will support non-HTML document
    outerHTML: returns document HTML markup, for HTML document only
    val pageSource = driver.pageSource()
    Returns:
    
    The source of the current page
  - title
```
 abstract String title()
```
    Returns the title of the current page. @mcp
  - nanoDOMTree
```
 abstract <Error class: unknown class> nanoDOMTree()
```
    Retrieves a lightweight version of the DOM tree (NanoDOMTree). @mcp
    The NanoDOMTree is based on the accessibility tree and enhanced with DOM and document snapshot information. It is designed to be a compact representation suitable for AI processing and analysis.
    
    Returns:
    
    A NanoDOMTree representing the current page state, or null if retrieval fails.
  - chat
```
 abstract ModelResponse chat(String prompt, String selector)
```
    Interact with an AI model using the context of the element selected by selector. @mcp
    The AI model receives the element's content and structure as context along with the provided prompt.
    
    Parameters:
    
    prompt - The question or instruction for the AI model.
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    A ModelResponse containing the model's answer.
  - getCookies
```
 abstract List<Map<String, String>> getCookies()
```
    Returns the cookies of the current page. @mcp
    val cookies = driver.getCookies()
    Returns:
    
    The cookies of the current page.
  - deleteCookies
```
 abstract Unit deleteCookies(String name, String url, String domain, String path)
```
    Deletes browser cookies with matching name and url or domain/path pair. @mcp
    driver.deleteCookies("name", "https://www.example.com")
    NOTE: At least one of the url and domain needs to be specified
    Parameters:
    
    name - Name of the cookies to remove.
    
    url - If specified, deletes all the cookies with the given name where domain and path match provided URL.
    
    domain - If specified, deletes only cookies with the exact domain.
    
    path - If specified, deletes only cookies with the exact path.
  - clearBrowserCookies
```
 abstract Unit clearBrowserCookies()
```
    Clears browser cookies. @mcp
    driver.clearBrowserCookies()
  - waitForSelector
```
 Duration waitForSelector(String selector)
```
    Wait until the element identified by the selector becomes present in the DOM or timeout. @mcp
    val remainingTime = driver.waitForSelector("h2.title")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    The remaining time until timeout when the element becomes present.
  - waitForSelector
```
 Long waitForSelector(String selector, Long timeoutMillis)
```
    Wait until the element identified by the selector becomes present in the DOM or timeout. @mcp
    val remainingTime = driver.waitForSelector("h2.title", 30000)
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    timeoutMillis - The maximum time to wait for the element to become present.
    
    Returns:
    
    The remaining time until timeout when the element becomes present.
  - waitForSelector
```
 Duration waitForSelector(String selector, Duration timeout)
```
    Wait for the element identified by the selector to become present in the DOM, or until timeout. @mcp
    val remainingTime = driver.waitForSelector("h2.title", Duration.ofSeconds(30))
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    timeout - The maximum time to wait for the element to become present.
    
    Returns:
    
    The remaining time until timeout when the element becomes present.
  - waitForSelector
```
 abstract Duration waitForSelector(String selector, SuspendFunction0<Unit> action)
```
    Wait for the element identified by the selector to become present in the DOM, or until timeout. @mcp
    This method periodically checks for the existence of the element. If the element is not found during a check, the action will be executed, such as scrolling the page down.
    val remainingTime = driver.waitForSelector("h2.title") { driver.scrollDown() }
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    action - The action to execute when the element is not found.
  - waitForSelector
```
 Long waitForSelector(String selector, Long timeoutMillis, SuspendFunction0<Unit> action)
```
    Wait for the element identified by the selector to become present in the DOM, or until timeout. @mcp
    This method periodically checks for the existence of the element. If the element is not found during a check, the action will be executed, such as scrolling the page down.
    val remainingTime = driver.waitForSelector("h2.title", 30000) { driver.scrollDown() }
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    timeoutMillis - The maximum time to wait for the element to become present.
    
    action - The action to execute when the element is not found.
    
    Returns:
    
    The remaining time until timeout when the element becomes present.
  - waitForSelector
```
 abstract Duration waitForSelector(String selector, Duration timeout, SuspendFunction0<Unit> action)
```
    Wait for the element identified by the selector to become present in the DOM, or until timeout. @mcp
    This method periodically checks for the existence of the element. If the element is not found during a check, the action will be executed, such as scrolling the page down.
    val remainingTime = driver.waitForSelector("h2.title", Duration.ofSeconds(30)) { driver.scrollDown() }
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    timeout - The maximum time to wait for the element to become present.
    
    action - The action to execute when the element is not found.
    
    Returns:
    
    The remaining time until timeout when the element becomes present.
  - waitForNavigation
```
 abstract Duration waitForNavigation(String oldUrl)
```
    Wait until the current url changes or timeout. @mcp
    val url = "https://www.example.com" driver.navigate(url) var remainingTime = driver.waitForNavigation() if (remainingTime 0) { driver.click("a[href='/next']") remainingTime = driver.waitForNavigation(url) }
  - waitForNavigation
```
 Long waitForNavigation(String oldUrl, Long timeoutMillis)
```
    Wait until the current url changes or timeout. @mcp
    val url = "https://www.example.com" driver.navigate(url) var remainingTime = driver.waitForNavigation(1000) if (remainingTime 0) { driver.click("a[href='/next']") remainingTime = driver.waitForNavigation(url, 1000) }
    Parameters:
    
    timeoutMillis - The maximum time to wait for the url to change.
  - waitForNavigation
```
 abstract Duration waitForNavigation(String oldUrl, Duration timeout)
```
    Wait until the current url changes or timeout. @mcp
    val timeout = Duration.ofSeconds(30) val url = "https://www.example.com" driver.navigate(url) var remainingTime = driver.waitForNavigation(timeout) if (remainingTime 0) { driver.click("a[href='/next']") remainingTime = driver.waitForNavigation(url, timeout) }
    Parameters:
    
    timeout - The maximum time to wait for the url to change.
  - waitForPage
```
 abstract WebDriver waitForPage(String url, Duration timeout)
```
    Await navigation to the specified URL page or timeout if necessary. @mcp
    val newDriver = driver.waitForPage("https://www.example.com", Duration.ofSeconds(30))
    TODO: check if waitForPage and waitForNavigation can be merged into one method.
    Parameters:
    
    url - The URL to navigate to.
    
    Returns:
    
    The remaining time until timeout when the predicate returns true.
  - waitForFunction
```
 abstract WebDriver waitForFunction(String pageFunction, Duration timeout)
```
    Returns when the pageFunction returns a truthy value. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    pageFunction - A JavaScript function to be evaluated in the page context.
  - waitUntil
```
 abstract Duration waitUntil(SuspendFunction0<Boolean> predicate)
```
    Wait until the predicate returns true. @mcp
    val remainingTime = driver.waitUntil { driver.exists("h2.title") }
    Parameters:
    
    predicate - The predicate to check.
    
    Returns:
    
    The remaining time until timeout when the predicate returns true.
  - waitUntil
```
 Long waitUntil(Long timeoutMillis, SuspendFunction0<Boolean> predicate)
```
    Wait until the predicate returns true. @mcp
    val remainingTime = driver.waitUntil(10000) { driver.exists("h2.title") }
    Parameters:
    
    timeoutMillis - The maximum time to wait for the predicate to return true.
    
    predicate - The predicate to check.
    
    Returns:
    
    The remaining time until timeout when the predicate returns true.
  - waitUntil
```
 abstract Duration waitUntil(Duration timeout, SuspendFunction0<Boolean> predicate)
```
    Wait until the predicate returns true. @mcp
    val remainingTime = driver.waitUntil(Duration.ofSeconds(10)) { driver.exists("h2.title") }
    Parameters:
    
    timeout - The maximum time to wait for the predicate to return true.
    
    predicate - The predicate to check.
    
    Returns:
    
    The remaining time until timeout when the predicate returns true.
  - exists
```
 abstract Boolean exists(String selector)
```
    Returns whether the element exists. @mcp
    driver.exists("h2.title")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    Whether the element exists.
  - isHidden
```
 Boolean isHidden(String selector)
```
    Returns whether the element is hidden. @mcp
    driver.isHidden("input[name='q']")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    Whether the element is hidden.
  - isVisible
```
 abstract Boolean isVisible(String selector)
```
    Returns whether the element is visible. @mcp
    driver.isVisible("input[name='q']")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    Whether the element is visible.
  - isChecked
```
 abstract Boolean isChecked(String selector)
```
    Returns whether the element is checked. @mcp
    driver.isChecked("input[name='agree']")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    Whether the element is checked.
  - bringToFront
```
 abstract Unit bringToFront()
```
    Brings the browser window to the front. @mcp
    driver.bringToFront()
  - hover
```
 abstract Unit hover(String selector)
```
    This method hovers over the element. @mcp
    Scroll the element into view if needed.
    Move mouse to hover over a random position near the center of the element.
    driver.hover("h1")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - focus
```
 abstract Unit focus(String selector)
```
    This method fetches an element with selector and focuses it. @mcp
    If there's no element matching selector, nothing to do.
    driver.focus("input[name='q']")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - type
```
 abstract Unit type(String text, String selector)
```
    This method emulates inserting text that doesn't come from a key press. @mcp
    driver.type("Hello, World!") driver.type("Hello, World!", "input[name='q']")
    When selector is omitted, text is typed into the currently focused element. When selector is provided, the matching element is focused first and then receives the text.
    Parameters:
    
    text - The text to insert.
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - press
```
 abstract Unit press(String key, String selector)
```
    Shortcut for keyboard down and keyboard up. @mcp
    The key is specified as a string, which can be a single character, a key name, or a combination of both. For example, 'a', 'A', 'KeyA', 'Enter', 'Shift+A', and 'Control+Shift+Tab' are all valid keys.
    driver.press("Enter") driver.press("Enter", "input[name='q']")
    When selector is omitted, the key is pressed on the currently focused element. When selector is provided, the matching element is focused first and then receives the key press.
    Parameters:
    
    key - A key to press.
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - fill
```
 abstract Unit fill(String selector, String text)
```
    This method emulates inserting text that doesn't come from a key press. @mcp
    Unlike type, this method clears the existing value before typing.
    driver.fill("input[name='q']", "Hello, World!")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    text - The text to fill.
  - keyDown
```
 abstract Unit keyDown(String key)
```
    Presses and holds a keyboard key on the currently focused element. @mcp
    driver.keyDown("Shift") driver.keyDown("Control")
    Parameters:
    
    key - A key to press and hold.
  - keyUp
```
 abstract Unit keyUp(String key)
```
    Releases a previously pressed keyboard key on the currently focused element. @mcp
    driver.keyUp("Shift") driver.keyUp("Control")
    Parameters:
    
    key - A key to release.
  - click
```
 abstract Unit click(String selector, Integer count)
```
    Focus on an element with selector and click it. @mcp
    If there's no element matching selector, nothing to do.
    driver.click("button[type='submit']")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    count - The number of times to click.
  - click
```
 abstract Unit click(String selector, String modifier)
```
    Focus on an element with selector and click it with modifier pressed. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    modifier - The keyboard modifier to press while clicking (e.g., "Shift", "Control", "Alt").
  - dblclick
```
 abstract Unit dblclick(String selector)
```
    Focus on an element with selector and double-click it. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - dblclick
```
 abstract Unit dblclick(String selector, String modifier)
```
    Focus on an element with selector and double-click it with modifier pressed. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    modifier - The keyboard modifier to press while double-clicking.
  - resize
```
 abstract Unit resize(Integer width, Integer height)
```
    Resizes the viewport to the specified width and height. @mcp
  - dialogAccept
```
 abstract Unit dialogAccept(String promptText)
```
    Accepts the dialog. @mcp
  - dialogDismiss
```
 abstract Unit dialogDismiss()
```
    Dismisses the dialog. @mcp
  - clickTextMatches
```
 abstract Unit clickTextMatches(String selector, String pattern, Integer count)
```
    This method clicks an element with selector whose text content matches pattern, and then focuses it. @mcp
    If there's no element matching selector, or the element's text content doesn't match pattern, nothing to do.
    driver.clickTextMatches("button", "submit")
    TODO: use playwright style selector which supports text matching, for example: button:has-text("submit")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    pattern - The pattern to match the text content.
    
    count - The number of times to click.
  - clickMatches
```
 abstract Unit clickMatches(String selector, String attrName, String pattern, Integer count)
```
    This method clicks an element with selector whose attribute name is attrName and value matches pattern, and then focuses it. @mcp
    If there's no element matching selector, or the element has no attribute attrName, or the element's attribute value doesn't match pattern, nothing to do.
    driver.clickMatches("button", "type", "submit")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    attrName - The attribute name to match.
    
    pattern - The pattern to match the attribute value.
    
    count - The number of times to click.
  - selectOption
```
 abstract List<String> selectOption(String selector, List<String> values)
```
    Selects one or more options in a <select> element. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    values - The values or labels of the options to select
    
    Returns:
    
    The list of selected option values
  - selectOption
```
 String selectOption(String selector, String value)
```
    Selects an option in a <select> element. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    value - The value or label of the option to select
    
    Returns:
    
    The selected option value, or null if not found
  - check
```
 abstract Unit check(String selector)
```
    This method check an element with selector. If there's no element matching selector, nothing to do. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - uncheck
```
 abstract Unit uncheck(String selector)
```
    This method uncheck an element with selector. If there's no element matching selector, nothing to do. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - scrollTo
```
 abstract Double scrollTo(String selector)
```
    This method fetches an element with selector, scrolls it into view if needed. @mcp
    If there's no element matching selector, the method does nothing.
    driver.scrollTo("h2.title")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - scrollDown
```
 abstract Double scrollDown(Integer count)
```
    The current page frame scrolls down for count times. @mcp
    driver.scrollDown(3)
    TODO: use mouseWheel instead
    Parameters:
    
    count - The times to scroll down.
  - scrollUp
```
 abstract Double scrollUp(Integer count)
```
    The current page frame scrolls up for count times. @mcp
    driver.scrollUp(3)
    TODO: use mouseWheel instead
    Parameters:
    
    count - The times to scroll up.
  - scrollBy
```
 abstract Double scrollBy(Double pixels, Boolean smooth)
```
    Scrolls the current page frame vertically by the given number of pixels. @mcp
    Positive values scroll down, negative values scroll up. The target position is clamped to the scrollable range 0, scrollHeight - viewportHeight.
    When smooth is true a deterministic, step‑wise scrolling algorithm is used (instead of relying on the browser's native smooth scrolling) for higher stability: it issues incremental window.scrollTo() calls and waits for the viewport to settle after each step. This reduces race conditions with lazy‑loaded content or async layout changes and yields more predictable final positions.
    Typical usage:
    // Scroll down 200px smoothly (default) driver.scrollBy() // Scroll up 500px immediately driver.scrollBy(-500.0, smooth = false) // Scroll down one viewport height, smooth val y = driver.scrollBy(driver.viewportHeight(), smooth = true)
    Parameters:
    
    pixels - The delta in pixels to scroll; positive scrolls down, negative scrolls up.
    
    smooth - Whether to perform a deterministic smooth scrolling sequence.
    
    Returns:
    
    The final vertical scroll offset (window.scrollY) after scrolling.
  - scrollToTop
```
 abstract Double scrollToTop()
```
    The current page frame scrolls to the top. @mcp
    driver.scrollToTop()
  - scrollToBottom
```
 abstract Double scrollToBottom()
```
    The current page frame scrolls to the bottom. @mcp
    driver.scrollToBottom()
  - scrollToMiddle
```
 abstract Double scrollToMiddle(Double ratio)
```
    The current page frame scrolls to the middle. @mcp
    driver.scrollToMiddle(0.2) driver.scrollToMiddle(0.5) driver.scrollToMiddle(0.8)
    Parameters:
    
    ratio - The ratio of the page to scroll to, 0.0 means the top, 1.0 means the bottom.
  - scrollToViewport
```
 abstract Double scrollToViewport(Double n, Boolean smooth)
```
    Scroll to the 2.5th viewport position. @mcp
    driver.scrollToViewport(1.0) driver.scrollToViewport(1.5) driver.scrollToViewport(2.5) driver.scrollToViewport(3.0)
    Parameters:
    
    n - The viewport number of the page to scroll to (1-based).
  - mouseWheel
```
 abstract Unit mouseWheel(Double deltaX, Double deltaY)
```
    Scrolls the mouse wheel by the provided deltas. @mcp
    Positive deltaY scrolls down and negative deltaY scrolls up.
    driver.mouseWheel(0.0, 150.0) driver.mouseWheel(0.0, -150.0)
    Parameters:
    
    deltaX - The distance to wheel horizontally.
    
    deltaY - The distance to wheel vertically.
  - mouseMove
```
 abstract Unit mouseMove(Double x, Double y)
```
    Moves the mouse to the position specified by x and y. @mcp
    driver.mouseMove(100.0, 200.0)
    Parameters:
    
    x - The x coordinate to move to.
    
    y - The y coordinate to move to.
  - mouseDown
```
 abstract Unit mouseDown(String button, Integer clickCount)
```
    Presses a mouse button at the current mouse position. @mcp
    driver.mouseDown() driver.mouseDown("right")
    Parameters:
    
    button - The mouse button to press.
    
    clickCount - The click count associated with the press event.
  - mouseUp
```
 abstract Unit mouseUp(String button, Integer clickCount)
```
    Releases a mouse button at the current mouse position. @mcp
    driver.mouseUp() driver.mouseUp("right")
    Parameters:
    
    button - The mouse button to release.
    
    clickCount - The click count associated with the release event.
  - moveMouseTo
```
 abstract Unit moveMouseTo(String selector, Integer deltaX, Integer deltaY)
```
    The mouse moves to the element with selector. @mcp
    driver.moveMouseTo("h2.title")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    deltaX - The distance to the left of the element.
    
    deltaY - The distance to the top of the element.
  - dragAndDrop
```
 abstract Unit dragAndDrop(String selector, Integer deltaX, Integer deltaY)
```
    Performs a drag, dragenter, dragover, and drop in sequence. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    deltaX - The distance to drag horizontally.
    
    deltaY - The distance to drag vertically.
  - drag
```
 Unit drag(String sourceSelector, String targetSelector)
```
    Drags the element identified by sourceSelector onto the element identified by targetSelector. @mcp
    The implementation dispatches an HTML5 drag sequence between the source and target elements using a shared DataTransfer payload so selector-to-selector drag flows can be asserted reliably by automation clients.
    
    Parameters:
    
    sourceSelector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    targetSelector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - outerHTML
```
 abstract String outerHTML()
```
    Returns the document's HTML markup. @mcp
    val html = driver.outerHTML()
    If the document does not exist, returns null.
    Returns:
    
    The HTML markup of the document.
  - outerHTML
```
 abstract String outerHTML(String selector)
```
    Returns the node's HTML markup, the node is located by selector. @mcp
    If the node does not exist, returns null.
    val html = driver.outerHTML("h2.title")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    The HTML markup of the node.
  - textContent
```
 abstract String textContent(String selector)
```
    Returns the text content of the document or a specific element. @mcp
    If selector is null, returns the text content of the entire document (usually document.body.innerText). If selector is provided, returns the text content of the first matching element.
    If the document or element does not exist, returns null.
    val bodyText = driver.textContent() val titleText = driver.textContent("h1.title")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    The text content, or null if not found.
  - extract
```
 abstract Map<String, String> extract(Map<String, String> fields)
```
    Extracts multiple fields from the page using CSS selectors. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    fields - A map where keys are field names and values are CSS selectors.
    
    Returns:
    
    A map containing the extracted text content for each field. Values are null if the selector matches nothing.
  - querySelectorAll
```
@Beta() abstract List<NodeRef> querySelectorAll(String selector)
```
    Use querySelectorAll to get all elements matched by selector, and then return their NodeRefs. @mcp
    Note that the NodeRefs may become stale after certain operations, so they should be used immediately after selection.
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    a list of NodeRefs for the matched elements, or an empty list if no elements are matched or an error occurs.
  - selectFirstTextOrNull
```
 abstract String selectFirstTextOrNull(String selector)
```
    Returns the node's text content, the node is located by selector. @mcp
    If the node does not exist, returns null.
    val text = driver.selectFirstTextOrNull("h2.title")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    The text content of the node.
  - selectTextAll
```
 abstract List<String> selectTextAll(String selector)
```
    Returns a list of text contents of all the elements matching the specified selector within the page. @mcp
    If no elements match the selector, returns an empty list.
    val texts = driver.selectTextAll("h2")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    The text contents of the nodes.
  - selectFirstAttributeOrNull
```
 abstract String selectFirstAttributeOrNull(String selector, String attrName)
```
    Returns the node's attribute value, the node is located by selector, the attribute is attrName. @mcp
    If the node does not exist, or the attribute does not exist, returns null.
    val classes = driver.selectFirstAttributeOrNull("h2.title", "class")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    attrName - The attribute name to retrieve.
    
    Returns:
    
    The attribute value of the node.
  - selectAttributes
```
 abstract Map<String, String> selectAttributes(String selector)
```
    Returns the node's attribute values, the node is located by selector. @mcp
    If the node do not exist, or the attribute does not exist, returns an empty list.
    val classes = driver.selectAttributes("h2.title", "class")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    The attribute pairs of the nodes.
  - selectAttributeAll
```
 abstract List<String> selectAttributeAll(String selector, String attrName, Integer start, Integer limit)
```
    Returns the nodes' attribute values, the nodes are located by selector, the attribute is attrName. @mcp
    If the nodes do not exist, or the attribute does not exist, returns an empty list.
    val classes = driver.selectAttributeAll("h2.title", "class")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    attrName - The attribute name to retrieve.
    
    start - The offset of the first node to select.
    
    limit - The maximum number of nodes to select.
    
    Returns:
    
    The attribute values of the nodes.
  - setAttribute
```
 abstract Unit setAttribute(String selector, String attrName, String attrValue)
```
    Set the attribute of an element located by selector. @mcp
    driver.setAttribute("h2.title", "class", "header")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    attrName - The attribute name to set.
    
    attrValue - The attribute value to set.
  - setAttributeAll
```
 abstract Unit setAttributeAll(String selector, String attrName, String attrValue)
```
    Set the attribute of all elements matching selector. @mcp
    driver.setAttributeAll("h2.title", "class", "header")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    attrName - The attribute name to set.
    
    attrValue - The attribute value to set.
  - selectFirstPropertyValueOrNull
```
 abstract String selectFirstPropertyValueOrNull(String selector, String propName)
```
    Returns the node's property value, the node is located by selector, the property is propName. @mcp
    If the node does not exist, or the property does not exist, returns null.
    val classes = driver.selectFirstPropertyOrNull("input#input", "value")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    propName - The property name to retrieve.
    
    Returns:
    
    The property value of the node.
  - selectPropertyValueAll
```
 abstract List<String> selectPropertyValueAll(String selector, String propName, Integer start, Integer limit)
```
    Returns the nodes' property values, the nodes are located by selector, the property is propName. @mcp
    If the nodes do not exist, or the property does not exist, returns an empty list.
    val classes = driver.selectPropertyAll("input#input", "value")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    propName - The property name to retrieve.
    
    start - The offset of the first node to select.
    
    limit - The maximum number of nodes to select.
    
    Returns:
    
    The property values of the nodes.
  - setProperty
```
 abstract Unit setProperty(String selector, String propName, String propValue)
```
    Set the property of an element located by selector. @mcp
    driver.setProperty("input#input", "value")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    propName - The property name to set.
    
    propValue - The property value to set.
  - setPropertyAll
```
 abstract Unit setPropertyAll(String selector, String propName, String propValue)
```
    Set the property of all elements matching selector. @mcp
    driver.setPropertyAll("input#input", "value")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    propName - The property name to set.
    
    propValue - The property value to set.
  - selectHyperlinks
```
 abstract List<Hyperlink> selectHyperlinks(String selector, Integer offset, Integer limit)
```
    Find hyperlinks in elements matching selector.
    val hyperlinks = driver.selectHyperlinks("a.product-link")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    offset - The offset of the first element to select.
    
    limit - The maximum number of elements to select.
    
    Returns:
    
    The hyperlinks in the elements.
  - selectAnchors
```
 abstract List<GeoAnchor> selectAnchors(String selector, Integer offset, Integer limit)
```
    Find anchor elements matching selector.
    val anchors = driver.selectAnchors("a.product-link")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    offset - The offset of the first element to select.
    
    limit - The maximum number of elements to select.
    
    Returns:
    
    The anchors.
  - selectImages
```
 abstract List<String> selectImages(String selector, Integer offset, Integer limit)
```
    Find image elements matching selector.
    val images = driver.selectImages("img.product-image")
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    offset - The offset of the first element to select.
    
    limit - The maximum number of elements to select.
    
    Returns:
    
    The image URLs.
  - evaluate
```
 abstract Object evaluate(String expression)
```
    Executes JavaScript in the context of the currently selected frame or window. @mcp
    If the result is not JavaScript object, it is not returned.
    If you want to execute a function, convert it to IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression).
    val title = driver.evaluate("document.title")
    Multi-line JavaScript code:
    val code = """ () => { const a = 10; const b = 20; return a * b; } """.trimIndent() val result = driver.evaluate(code)
    Wrap the code in an IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression) to return a value.
    Escape line breaks with \n.
    Parameters:
    
    expression - JavaScript expression to evaluate
    
    Returns:
    
    Remote object value in case of primitive values or null.
  - evaluate
```
 abstract <T extends Any> T evaluate(String expression, T defaultValue)
```
    Executes JavaScript and returns the result, or defaultValue if the result is null or incompatible. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    expression - The JavaScript expression to evaluate.
    
    defaultValue - The value to return if evaluation fails or returns null.
    
    Returns:
    
    The evaluation result or defaultValue.
  - evaluateDetail
```
 abstract JsEvaluation evaluateDetail(String expression)
```
    returns detailed evaluation metadata (beta). @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    expression - The JavaScript expression to evaluate.
    
    Returns:
    
    A JsEvaluation object containing the result and metadata.
  - evaluateValue
```
 abstract Object evaluateValue(String expression)
```
    Executes JavaScript and returns the result as a JSON-serializable value. @mcp
    If the result is an object, it is serialized to a Map or List. If the result is a primitive, it is returned as is. If the result is null or undefined, null is returned.
    
    Parameters:
    
    expression - The JavaScript expression to evaluate.
    
    Returns:
    
    The result as a JSON-compatible object (Map, List, String, Number, Boolean, or null).
  - evaluateValue
```
 abstract <T extends Any> T evaluateValue(String expression, T defaultValue)
```
    Executes JavaScript and returns the result as a JSON-serializable value, or defaultValue if null/incompatible. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    expression - The JavaScript expression to evaluate.
    
    defaultValue - The value to return if evaluation fails or returns null.
    
    Returns:
    
    The evaluation result or defaultValue.
  - evaluateValue
```
 abstract Object evaluateValue(String selector, String functionDeclaration)
```
    Executes JavaScript for the element located by selector and returns the result as a JSON-serializable value. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    functionDeclaration - The JavaScript function declaration to execute against the matched element.
    
    Returns:
    
    The result as a JSON-compatible object (Map, List, String, Number, Boolean, or null).
  - evaluateValueDetail
```
 abstract JsEvaluation evaluateValueDetail(String expression)
```
    Returns detailed value evaluation metadata (beta). @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    expression - The JavaScript expression to evaluate.
    
    Returns:
    
    A JsEvaluation object containing the result value and metadata.
  - evaluateValueDetail
```
 abstract JsEvaluation evaluateValueDetail(String selector, String functionDeclaration)
```
    Returns detailed value evaluation metadata for the element located by selector. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    functionDeclaration - The JavaScript function declaration to execute against the matched element.
    
    Returns:
    
    A JsEvaluation object containing the result value and metadata.
  - screenshot
```
 abstract String screenshot(Boolean fullPage)
```
    Capture a screenshot of the current viewport (or primary browsing context) after ensuring any pending layout. @mcp
    If the backend supports element-centric capture this may represent the full page; implementation specific.
    The target element (if any) is scrolled into view before capture.
    val base64 = driver.screenshot() val bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64)
  - screenshot
```
 abstract String screenshot(String selector)
```
    Scroll the element matched by selector into view (if needed) then take a screenshot of that element's bounding box. @mcp
    Returns a Base64 encoded image (implementation usually PNG/JPEG), PNG by default.
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
  - screenshot
```
 abstract String screenshot(RectD rect)
```
    Take a screenshot of the rectangle specified by rect in the current page coordinate space. @mcp
    Caller is responsible for ensuring the rectangle is visible or scrolled into view if the implementation requires it.
  - captureScreenshot
```
@Deprecated(message = "Use screenshot(fullPage = true) instead", replaceWith = @ReplaceWith(imports = {}, expression = "screenshot(fullPage = true)")) String captureScreenshot(Boolean fullPage)
```
  - captureScreenshot
```
@Deprecated(message = "Use screenshot(selector) instead", replaceWith = @ReplaceWith(imports = {}, expression = "screenshot(selector)")) String captureScreenshot(String selector)
```
  - captureScreenshot
```
@Deprecated(message = "Use screenshot(rect) instead", replaceWith = @ReplaceWith(imports = {}, expression = "screenshot(rect)")) String captureScreenshot(RectD rect)
```
  - ariaSnapshot
```
 abstract String ariaSnapshot()
```
  - ariaSnapshot
```
 String ariaSnapshot(String viewports)
```
    Return the ARIA snapshot (accessibility tree in YAML format) for the specified viewports. @mcp
    The viewports parameter controls which viewport(s) to include:
    "all" — return the full-page snapshot (default).
    "3" — return only viewport 3.
    "1,3,5" — return viewports 1, 3 and 5.
    "2-4" — return viewports 2, 3 and 4.
    Viewport indices are 1-based. The viewport height is determined by the browser's current viewport dimensions.
    Parameters:
    
    viewports - A viewport specification string (e.g.
    
    Returns:
    
    The ARIA snapshot YAML covering only the requested viewports.
  - clickablePoint
```
 abstract PointD clickablePoint(String selector)
```
    Calculate the clickable point of an element located by selector. @mcp
    If the element does not exist, or is not clickable, returns null.
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    The clickable point of the element.
  - boundingBox
```
 abstract RectD boundingBox(String selector)
```
    Return the bounding box of an element located by selector. @mcp
    If the element does not exist, returns null.
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    Returns:
    
    The bounding box of the element.
  - newJsoupSession
```
 abstract Connection newJsoupSession()
```
    Create a new Jsoup session with the last page's context, which means, the same headers and cookies. @mcp
    
    Returns:
    
    The Jsoup session.
  - loadJsoupResource
```
 abstract Connection.Response loadJsoupResource(String url)
```
    Load the url as a resource with Jsoup rather than browser rendering, with the last page's context. @mcp
    This means, the same headers and cookies.
    
    Parameters:
    
    url - The URL to load.
    
    Returns:
    
    The Jsoup response.
  - loadResource
```
 abstract NetworkResourceResponse loadResource(String url)
```
    Load the url as a resource without browser rendering, with the last page's context. @mcp
    This means, the same headers and cookies.
    
    Parameters:
    
    url - The URL to load.
    
    Returns:
    
    The network resource response.
  - delay
```
 <Error class: unknown class> delay(Long millis)
```
    Delay for a given amount of time. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    millis - The amount of time to delay, in milliseconds.
  - delay
```
 <Error class: unknown class> delay(Duration duration)
```
    Delay for a given amount of time. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    duration - The amount of time to delay.
  - delay
```
 <Error class: unknown class> delay(Duration duration)
```
    Delay for a given amount of time. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    duration - The amount of time to delay.
  - upload
```
 abstract Unit upload(String selector, List<String> paths)
```
    Upload files to the element located by selector. @mcp
    
    Parameters:
    
    selector - The selector of the element, multiple formats supported.
    
    paths - The list of file paths to upload.
  - pause
```
 abstract Unit pause()
```
    Force the page pauses all navigations and PENDING resource fetches. @mcp
    If the page loading pauses, the user can still interact with the page, and therefore resources can continue to load.
  - stop
```
 abstract Unit stop()
```
    Force the page stop all navigations and RELEASES all resources. @mcp
    Interaction with the stop page results in undefined behavior and the results should not be trusted.
    If a web driver stops, it can later be used to visit other pages.
  - getId
```
 abstract Integer getId()
```
    The driver id, starts with 1. The id is unique in process scope.
  - getParentSid
```
 abstract Integer getParentSid()
```
    The parent driver id. The id is unique in process scope.
  - getGuid
```
 abstract String getGuid()
```
    The guid of the driver.
  - getBrowser
```
 abstract AbstractBrowser getBrowser()
```
    The browser of the driver. The browser defines methods and events to manipulate a real browser.
  - getFrames
```
 abstract List<WebDriver> getFrames()
```
    Web pages for the page open from the current page, via window.open(), link click, form submission, etc.
    TODO: NOT IMPLEMENTED
  - getOpener
```
 abstract WebDriver getOpener()
```
    The driver from whom opens the current page.
  - getOutgoingPages
```
 abstract Set<WebDriver> getOutgoingPages()
```
    Web pages for the page open from the current page, via window.open(), link click, form submission, etc.
  - getBrowserType
```
 abstract BrowserType getBrowserType()
```
    The browser type. BrowserType.PULSAR_CHROME is the only fully supported browser type currently. BrowserType.PLAYWRIGHT_CHROME is a partially supported browser type since Playwright is not thread safe.
  - getNavigateEntry
```
 abstract NavigateEntry getNavigateEntry()
```
    The current navigation entry.
  - setNavigateEntry
```
 abstract Unit setNavigateEntry(NavigateEntry navigateEntry)
```
    The current navigation entry.
  - getNavigateHistory
```
 abstract NavigateHistory getNavigateHistory()
```
    The navigation history.
  - getData
```
 abstract Map<String, Object> getData()
```
    The associated data of the driver.
  - getDelayPolicy
```
 abstract Map<String, IntRange> getDelayPolicy()
```
    The delay policy of the driver. The delay policy is a map of delay ranges in milliseconds for different actions.
    The delay policy is used to simulate human behaviors, such as typing, clicking, scrolling, etc.
    delayPolicy["click"] == 500..1000
  - getTimeoutPolicy
```
 abstract Map<String, Duration> getTimeoutPolicy()
```
    The timeout policy of the driver. The timeout policy is a map of timeout durations for different actions.
    The timeout policy is used to set the maximum time to wait for an action to complete.
    timeoutPolicy["click"] == Duration.ofSeconds(30)

Interface WebDriver

Nested Class Summary

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Enum Constant Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.io.Closeable

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

Method Detail

addInitScript

addBlockedURLs

open

navigate

navigate

navigateTo

reload

goBack

goForward

currentUrl

url

documentURI

baseURI

referrer

pageSource

title

nanoDOMTree

chat

getCookies

deleteCookies

clearBrowserCookies

waitForSelector

waitForSelector

waitForSelector

waitForSelector

waitForSelector

waitForSelector

waitForNavigation

waitForNavigation

waitForNavigation

waitForPage

waitForFunction

waitUntil

waitUntil

waitUntil

exists

isHidden

isVisible

isChecked

bringToFront

hover

focus

type

press

fill

keyDown

keyUp

click

click

dblclick

dblclick

resize

dialogAccept

dialogDismiss

clickTextMatches

clickMatches

selectOption

selectOption

check

uncheck

scrollTo

scrollDown

scrollUp

scrollBy

scrollToTop

scrollToBottom

scrollToMiddle

scrollToViewport

mouseWheel

mouseMove